What is Perimenopause?

Perimenopause is the stage leading up to menopause. It can begin several years before periods stop, commonly in a woman’s 40s, although this varies.

During perimenopause, hormone levels fluctuate unpredictably. Some months the ovaries may produce hormones normally, while at other times levels may drop significantly.

Because of these fluctuations, symptoms can appear gradually and may change over time.

• Changes in menstrual cycles

• Sleep disturbances

• Anxiety or mood changes

• Brain fog or difficulty concentrating

• Fatigue

• Hot flushes or night sweats

• Weight changes

Many women initially attribute these changes to stress, ageing or a busy stage of life before recognising that hormones may be playing a role.

Common Symptoms

Hormonal changes during perimenopause and menopause can affect many systems in the body.

• Women may notice symptoms affecting:

• Sleep

• Many women experience sleep disruption, including waking in the early hours of the morning or difficulty staying asleep.

• Brain function

• Some women notice brain fog, forgetfulness or difficulty concentrating.

• Metabolism

• Weight gain and changes in body composition can occur during midlife.

• Mood and wellbeing

Hormonal fluctuations may contribute to anxiety, irritability or changes in mood, eyes, skin and joints. Some women experience symptoms such as dry eyes, joint aches or skin changes.

Not all women experience the same symptoms, and the severity and duration can vary considerably.

When should women seek support?

For some women, menopause symptoms are mild and manageable. For others, symptoms can significantly affect sleep, mood, energy levels and quality of life.

Understanding what may be happening in the body is often the first step toward finding helpful strategies and appropriate support.

If symptoms are affecting daily life, it can be helpful to speak with a clinician experienced in menopause care to explore possible contributing factors and management options.